Ngaba i-Hot-Dip okanye i-Electro-Galvanizing ikulungele?

Kufuneka ukhethe uphahla olufanelekileyo lokukhusela iindawo zakho zentsimbi. Indawo yeprojekthi yakho, uyilo, kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali luya kukhokela isigqibo sakho. Olu khetho lubalulekile kushishino olukhula ngokukhawuleza.

 Icebiso elikhawulezileyo

• Ukuntywila okushushu: Ilungele ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kwiindawo zangaphandle okanye ezirhabaxa.
• Ukugaya nge-Electro: Ilungele ukugqitywa okugudileyo, okunobuhle kwiindawo zangaphakathi ezinee-tolerances eziqinileyo.

Imfuno ekhulayo inefutheIxabiso lezixhobo ezincinci zokugaya i-galvanizingkunye neendawo ezinkulu zoshishino ezifanaIipayipi Imigca yokugaya isinyithi.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• I-hot-dip galvanizinginika ukhuseleko oluqinileyo noluhlala ixesha elide lokusetyenziswa ngaphandle. Ekuqaleni ibiza kakhulu kodwa igcina imali ngokuhamba kwexesha.
• Ukufakwa kwe-electro-galvanizing kunika inkangeleko egudileyo nentle kwiindawo zangaphakathi. Kubiza kancinci ekuqaleni kodwa kufuna ukunyanyekelwa ngakumbi kamva.
• Khetha i-hot-dip kwimisebenzi enzima kunye ne-electro-galvanizing ukuze ube nobuhle kwaye ubonakale umhle.iindawo ezincinci.

Yintoni i-Hot-Dip Galvanizing?

Ukuntywilisela nge-hot-dip kudala uphahla oluhlala ixesha elide nolungenamikrwelo ngokuntywilisela intsimbi kwi-zinc enyibilikisiweyo. Le ndlela yinkqubo yokuntywilisela ngokupheleleyo. Ikhusela yonke inxalenye yentsimbi yakho, kuquka iikona, imiphetho, kunye nomphezulu wangaphakathi. Isiphumo sisithintelo esomeleleyo ekungcoleni.

Inkqubo yokuhlamba iZinc enyibilikisiweyo

Uqala inkqubo ngokulungiselela umphezulu ngokubanzi. Oku kuqinisekisa isiseko esicocekileyo nesisabelayo sokuba i-zinc idibane nayo. Amanyathelo aqhelekileyo aquka:

1. Ukususa amafutha:Ususa ukungcola, ioyile, kunye neentsalela zezinto eziphilayo.
2. Ukukha:Uyicwilisa intsimbi kwisitya esinomoya omdaka ukuze ususe isikali somatshini kunye nokugqwala.
3. Ukufudumeza:Ufaka i-arhente yokugqibela yokucoca iikhemikhali ukuthintela i-oxidation ngaphambi kokuyidipha.

Emva kokulungiselela, untywilisela inxalenye yentsimbi kwi-ayisikhilimu.iketile ye-zinc enyibilikisiweyoIibhafu eziqhelekileyo zokufaka i-galvanizing zisebenza malunga ne-830°F (443°C). Ezinye izicelo ezikhethekileyo zisebenzisa neebhafu zobushushu obuphezulu ezifikelela kwi-1040-1165°F (560-630°C).

Ibhondi yeMetallurgical

Le nkqubo yenza okungaphezulu kokufaka nje umaleko we-zinc. Ubushushu obukhulu bubangela ukusabela phakathi kwesinyithi kwintsimbi kunye ne-zinc enyibilikisiweyo. Le mpendulo yenza uthotho lweengqimba ze-zinc-iron alloy, nto leyo eyenza i-metallurgical bond yokwenyani. Ngokungafaniyo nepeyinti, ehlala nje phezu komphezulu, i-zinc iba yinxalenye yentsimbi ngokwayo.

Olu qhagamshelo ludala unxibelelwano oluqinileyo phakathi kwezi metali zimbini. Ibhondi ye metallurgical inamandla angaphezu kwe-3600 psi (25 MPa).

Olu qhagamshelo lunamandla lwenza ukuba uqweqwe olugqunyiweyo luhlale ixesha elide kakhulu. Lumelana nokuqhekeka nokonakala ngcono kakhulu kunoqweqwe olulula loomatshini, luqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwexesha elide kwiindawo zakho.

Yintoni i-Electro-Galvanizing?

Ukugaya nge-electro, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-zinc plating, kunika indlela eyahlukileyo yokwenza okuukhuseleko lokugqwalaAwusebenzisi ibhafu ye-zinc enyibilikisiweyo kule ndlela. Endaweni yoko, usebenzisa umbane ukufaka umaleko omncinci we-zinc kumphezulu wentsimbi. Le nkqubo ifanelekile xa ufuna ukugqitywa okugudileyo nokukhanyayo kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa ngaphakathi.

Inkqubo yokususa i-Electro-Deposition

Inkqubo yokufakwa kwe-electro-deposition ixhomekeke kwimigaqo yokufakelwa kwe-electroplating. Cinga ngayo njengokusebenzisa imagnethi ukutsala amasuntswana esinyithi, kodwa ngombane. Ulandela amanyathelo ambalwa aphambili ukuze ufezekise upende:

1. Ukucoca Umphezulu:Okokuqala, kufuneka ucoce kakuhle inxalenye yentsimbi ukuze ususe nayiphi na ioyile okanye isikali. Umphezulu ococekileyo ubalulekile ukuze i-zinc inamathele kakuhle.
2. Ibhafu ye-Electrolyte:Okulandelayo, ufaka inxalenye yakho yentsimbi (i-cathode) kunye neqhekeza le-zinc ecocekileyo (i-anode) kwisisombululo setyuwa esibizwa ngokuba yi-electrolyte.
3. Ukusebenzisa i-Current:Emva koko ungenisa umbane othe ngqo ebhafini. Lo mbane unyibilikisa i-zinc kwi-anode uze uyibeke kumaleko omncinci, olinganayo kwinxalenye yakho yentsimbi.
   

   Ukwaleka Okubhityileyo Nokulinganayo

   Le nkqubo yombane ikunika ulawulo oluhle kakhulu kubukhulu kunye nokufana kwengubo. Umaleko we-zinc ophumayo uncinci kakhulu kunengubo eshushu, edla ngokuba phakathi kwee-microns ezi-5 ukuya kwezili-18. Kwezinye iinkqubo ezifana ne-sheet metal, ungafikelela kwingubo echanekileyo njenge-3.6 µm kwicala ngalinye.

    Uthelekiso lokugqibelaIndlela elawulwayo yokusebenzisa i-electro-galvanizing idala inkangeleko egudileyo, ekhazimlayo, nefanayo. Oku kuyenza ifaneleke kakhulu xa ufuna ukunyamezelana okuqinileyo kunye nokugqitywa kobuhle, njengoko ulwelo aluyi kuzalisa imisonto okanye luvale imingxunya emincinci. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i-hot-dipukugaya nge-galvanizingivelisa umphezulu orhabaxa, ongalinganiyo kangako.

   Ngenxa yokuba uphahla luhlala lufana, lukhetho olukhethwayo kwizinto ezincinci nezineenkcukacha ezifana nezibophelelo, izixhobo zekhompyutha, kunye nezinye iindawo ezichanekileyo ezifuna inkangeleko entle.

   Ukuqina: Yeyiphi i-Coating ehlala ixesha elide?

   Xa ukhetha i-coating, utyala imali kwikamva lemveliso yakho. Ukuqina kwe-zinc layer kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubomi benkonzo yayo kunye neemfuno zokugcinwa kwayo. Indawo ekujoliswe kuyo yenxalenye yakho yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekugqibeni ukuba yeyiphi indlela ye-galvanizing enika ixabiso elihle lexesha elide.

   I-Hot-Dip Kangangeminyaka Yokhuseleko

   Uyakhethaukuntywila okushushuxa ufuna ukhuseleko oluphezulu noluhlala ixesha elide. Le nkqubo idala uqweqwe oluqinileyo noluqinileyo olubotshelelwe ngesinyithi kwintsimbi. Olu manyano lwenza ukuba lukwazi ukumelana nokukrazuka kunye nomonakalo.

   Ubukhulu bengubo ye-zinc yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukuba ihlale ixesha elide. Imigangatho yeshishini iqinisekisa ukuba ikhusela kakhulu.

   Umgangatho	Ubukhulu bokugquma (iiMicrons)
   I-ISO 1461	45 – 85
   I-ASTM A123/A123M	50 – 100

   Olu qweqwe oluqinileyo lubonelela ngeenkonzo ezingasebenziyo kangangeminyaka emininzi. Iingcali zilinganisa oku zisebenzisa i-metric ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Time to First Maintenance" (TFM). I-TFM yindawo apho kuphela i-5% yomphezulu wentsimbi ibonisa umhlwa, oko kuthetha ukuba uqweqwe lusaphelele ngama-95%. Kwintsimbi eqhelekileyo yokwakha, oku kungathatha ixesha elide kakhulu. Ungabona indlela oku okuguqulela ngayo ukusebenza kwehlabathi lokwenyani kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo:

   Okusingqongileyo	Ubomi obuPhakathi beNkonzo (Iminyaka)
   Imizi-mveliso	72-73
   Ulwandle lwaseTropiki	75-78
   Ulwandle oluQhelekileyo	86
   Idolophu esemazantsi	97
   Yasemaphandleni	Ngaphezulu kwe-100

   Imibutho efana ne-ASTM International ibeka imigangatho engqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza oku. Ezi nkcukacha ziqinisekisa ubukhulu, ukugqitywa, kunye nokunamathela kwengubo.

   • I-ASTM A123:Igubungela iimveliso zentsimbi ngokubanzi.
   • I-ASTM A153:Iidilesiizixhobo zokubopha, izibophelelo, kunye nezinye iindawo ezincinci.
   • I-ASTM A767:Icacisa iimfuno zentsimbi esetyenziswa kwikhonkrithi.

   Le migangatho yonke ifuna ukuba i-zinc coating ihlale iqinile nentsimbi kulo lonke ixesha lokusebenza kwayo. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iindawo zakho zihlala zikhuselekile kangangeminyaka ezayo.

   Izifundo zeTyala lokuZinza

   Iiprojekthi zokwenyani zibonisa impumelelo yexesha elide yokufakelwa kwe-hot-dip galvanizing. EStark County, eOhio, amagosa aqala ukufaka iibhulorho nge-galvaning ngeminyaka yoo-1970 ukuze kupheliswe iindleko eziphezulu zokupeyinta kwakhona. Uninzi lwazo bhulorho lusasebenza nanamhlanje. Kutshanje, iMoynihan Train Hall eNew York City isebenzise intsimbi ye-hot-dip galvaning ukuqinisekisa umjikelo wobomi obude kunye nokuthintela ukuvala isikhululo esixakekileyo ukuze silungiswe.

   Ukugaya nge-Electro ukuze kusetyenziswe kancinci

   Kuya kufuneka ukhethe i-electro-galvanizing kwiindawo eziza kusetyenziswa ngaphakathi okanye kwiindawo ezomileyo nezithambileyo. Le nkqubo isebenzisa umaleko omncinci kakhulu we-zinc, ohombisayo. Nangona ikhusela ukugqwala, ayenzelwanga iimeko ezinzima okanye ukuvezwa ngaphandle ixesha elide.

   Indima ephambili yokugaya nge-electro kukubonelela ngokugqitywa okugudileyo nokukhazimlayo kwiindlela zokuhombisa okanye zokusebenzisa izinto ezilula. Ukwaleka okuncinci, okuhlala kungaphantsi kwe-10 microns, kungcono kakhulu kwizixhobo zangaphakathi apho inkangeleko iphambili khona. Kwindawo eyomileyo yangaphakathi, izinga lokugqwala liphantsi kakhulu.

   Udidi lweNdalo	Izinga lokuGqola kweZinc (µm/ngonyaka)
   Iphantsi Kakhulu (Yomile Ngaphakathi)	Ngaphantsi kakhulu kune-0.5

   Nangona kunjalo, olu maleko luncinci alunaso ixesha elide lokusebenzisa i-hot-dip galvanizing. Lufuna ukulungiswa rhoqo ukuba lubekwe kwindawo efumileyo okanye enokubola.

   Uvavanyo lwe-salt spray lubonelela ngothelekiso oluthe ngqo lokumelana nokugqwala. Kolu vavanyo lukhawulezisiweyo, iindawo zichatshazelwa yi-salt inkungu ukuze kubonwe ukuba i-coating ihlala ixesha elingakanani. Iziphumo zibonisa ngokucacileyo umahluko wokusebenza.

   Uhlobo lokwaleka	Iiyure eziqhelekileyo ukuya kwiRed Rust (ASTM B117)
   I-electro-galvanized (iplating esisiseko)	~iiyure ezili-100–250
   I-Hot-Dip Galvanized (Ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo)	~iiyure ezingama-500
   I-Hot-Dip Galvanized (Ukwaleka Okutyebileyo >140µm)	Ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyure eziyi-1,500+

   Njengoko ubona, ii-hot-dip galvanized coats zinokuhlala ixesha elide ngokuphindwe kabini ukuya kwisithandathu, okanye nangaphezulu, kolu vavanyo lunamandla. Oku kubonisa isizathu sokuba i-electro-galvanizing igcinelwe iimeko ezilawulwayo, zangaphakathi apho ukuqina kukukhathazeka okwesibini kubuhle kunye nokuchaneka.

   Inkangeleko: Yeyiphi i-finish ehambelana noyilo lwakho?

   
   Inkangeleko yokugqibela yenxalenye yakho yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyiqwalasele. Kufuneka uthathe isigqibo sokuba ufuna inkangeleko ekhazimlisiweyo, yokuhombisa okanye eqinileyo, yeshishini.indlela yokwenza i-galvanizingUkhetha ngqo ulawula ukugqitywa.

   Ukwakha i-Electro-Galvanizing ukuze kubonakale kucocekile, kukhazimle

   Kuya kufuneka ukhethe i-electro-galvanizing xa ufuna ukugqitywa okubonakalayo nokubonakalayo rhoqo. Le nkqubo ibeka umaleko omncinci, olinganayo we-zinc, okwenza umphezulu ogudileyo nokhazimlayo. Oku kuyenza ifaneleke kakhuluiimveliso ezijongene nabathengiokanye iindawo apho ubuhle bubalulekile khona, njengeentlobo ezithile zezikhonkwane zokufulela kunye nezixhobo.

   Ungayiphucula ngakumbi inkangeleko ngeengubo ze-chromate emva konyango, ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-passivation. Ezi ndlela zonyango zingongeza umbala ukuze zichongwe okanye zisetyenziswe. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

   • Okukhanyayo/Okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-Okumhlophe:Umbala wesilivere okanye oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
   • Umnyama:Isiphelo esikhanyayo nesinemibala emininzi.
   • Mnyama:Imbonakalo eluhlaza emnyama okanye emdaka ngebala lomnquma.

   Olu nqanaba lolawulo lobuhle lwenza ukuba i-electro-galvanizing ifaneleke kwiindawo ezincinci, ezineenkcukacha ezifuna inkangeleko ecocekileyo negqibeleleyo.

   I-Hot-Dip ukuze Ugqibezele Ngobuchule Obungqongqo Nobuluncedo

   Ufumana isiphelo esiqinileyo nesisebenzayo esine-hot-dip galvanizing. Umphezulu awugudi kakhulu kwaye unokuba nephethini ekhethekileyo yekristale ebizwa ngokuba yi-"spangle." Le patheni efana nentyatyambo yakheka ngokwendalo njengoko i-zinc enyibilikisiweyo iphola kwaye iqina kwintsimbi. Ubungakanani be-spangle buxhomekeke kwisantya sokupholisa kunye nekhemistri ye-zinc bath.

   Ngamanye amaxesha, iintsimbi ezisebenza kakhulu okanye iinkqubo ezithile zibangela ukugqitywa okungwevu okungacacanga ngaphandle kwe-splangle konke konke. Le mbonakalo irhabaxa, eluncedo iyamkeleka ngokupheleleyo kwiindlela zokusebenza apho ukuqina yeyona njongo iphambili. Uya kuhlala ubona olu kugqitywa kwintsimbi yesakhiwo kwizakhiwo, izixhobo zoshishino ezifana nee-anchors kunye nee-bolts, kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo zangaphandle ezinzima.

   Ixabiso: Ixabiso Eliphambili vs. Ixabiso Lobomi Bonke

   Kufuneka ulinganise ixabiso lokuqala lengubo kunye nokusebenza kwayo kwexesha elide. Uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lwakho luya kudlala indima enkulu kwisigqibo sakho. Enye indlela ibonelela ngokonga kwangoko, ngelixa enye ibonelela ngexabiso elingcono kubomi bonke bemveliso.

   I-Hot-Dip: Ixabiso lokuqala eliphezulu, ixabiso eliphantsi lobomi bonke

   Uza kuhlawula imali engakumbi kwangaphambili nge-hot-dip galvanizing. Le nkqubo iyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi kwaye isebenzisa i-zinc engaphezulu, nto leyo enyusa ixabiso lokuqala.iikhoyili zentsimbi ezishushu ezidityanisiweyoingahluka, kodwa ngokubanzi ibiza kakhulu ngetoni kunentsimbi egalelwe nge-electro-galvanized.

   Kwiiprojekthi ezithile, ungalindela iindleko ezifana nezi:

   • Isinyithi esikhaphukhaphu sesakhiwo: Phantse i-$1.10 ngenyawo yesikwere
   • Isinyithi esinzima solwakhiwo: Phantse i-$4.40 nge-square foot

   Nangona kunjalo, olu tyalo-mali lokuqala luphezulu lukuthengela amashumi eminyaka yokusebenza ngaphandle kokukhathazeka. Intsimbi eshushu egalelweyo inika ukhuseleko lokugqwala iminyaka engama-75 nangaphezulu ngaphandle kokulungiswa. Olu qina luphelisa iindleko zexesha elizayo zokulungisa okanye zokulungisa kwakhona. Uyaphepha iindleko ezingathanga ngqo zokulungisa, ezinje ngokuphazamiseka kweshishini okanye ukulibaziseka kwezithuthi kwiziseko zophuhliso zikarhulumente. Oku kuthembeka kwexesha elide kwandisa inzuzo ngokuthintela ukulahleka kwemveliso ngenxa yokungasebenzi.

   Izixeko ezisebenzisa izixhobo ze-galvanizing ezifana nee-guardrails okanye iipali zokukhanya ziye zabona iindleko zokulungisa zisihla ngama-70-80% ngexesha lobomi bemveliso. Xa ukhetha i-hot-dip galvanizing, utyala imali kwixabiso eliphantsi lezoqoqosho.

   Ukugaya nge-Electro: Ixabiso lokuqala eliphantsi, ixabiso eliphezulu lobomi bonke

   Ungonga imali kwasekuqaleni ngokukhetha i-electro-galvanizing. Le nkqubo idla ngokuba malunga ne-40% exabiso liphantsi kune-hot-dip galvanizing, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho olunomtsalane kwiiprojekthi ezinebhajethi encinci. Ixabiso eliphantsi livela kwinkqubo ekhawulezayo esebenzisa i-zinc encinci kakhulu.

   Olu londolozo lokuqala luza notshintsho. Ixesha lokuphila kwengubo efakwe i-electro-galvanized lifutshane kakhulu, lihlala ukusuka kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka embalwa. Isizathu sokuncipha kobude bobomi buxhomekeke kumaleko we-zinc obhityileyo kakhulu owenziweyo ngexesha lenkqubo.

   Urhwebo lweendlekoUgcina imali ngosuku lokuqala, kodwa kufuneka ucwangcise iindleko zexesha elizayo. Ukwaleka okubhityileyo, okunobuhle kuya kufuna ukulungiswa rhoqo, ukugqunywa kwakhona, okanye ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo kwenxalenye, ingakumbi ukuba ivezwe kumswakama. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi ndleko ziphindaphindayo ziyanda, nto leyo eyenza ixabiso elipheleleyo lobomi libe phezulu kunelo lenxalenye egqunywe nge-hot-dip galvanized.

   Kuya kufuneka ukhethe le ndlela xa le nxalenye iza kusetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba iguge. Nakweyiphi na enye indlela, iindleko zexesha elide ziya kuba ngaphezulu kweendleko zokuqala.

   Ixabiso lezixhobo zokugaya ezincinci

   Usenokuzibuza ngokuzisa i-galvanizing evenkileni yakho.Ixabiso lezixhobo ezincinci zokugaya i-galvanizingyeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwesi sigqibo. Kufuneka ulinganise utyalo-mali lokuqala kunye neenzuzo zokulawula ishedyuli yakho yemveliso.

   Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa kuthelekiswa nezinto ezisetyenziswa ngaphandle

   Ukuseta umgca wokufaka iigalvanizing ngaphakathi kufuna utyalo-mali olukhulu. Ixabiso lezixhobo zokufaka iigalvanizing ezincinci linokuba phezulu kakhulu. Umzekelo, izixhobo ezincinciiketile yokugalela igesi eshushuiyodwa ingabiza ukusuka kwi-$10,000 ukuya kwi-$150,000. Eli nani alibandakanyi ezinye izinto ezifunekayo:

   • Iitanki zeekhemikhali zokucoca nokujika
   • IiHoist kunye neecrane zeendawo ezihambayo
   • Iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya kunye nokhuseleko

   Ngaphaya kwexabiso lokuqala lezixhobo zokugaya ii-galvaning ezincinci, kufuneka uqwalasele neendleko zokusebenza eziqhubekayo. Ezi ziquka izinto zokwenza izinto, amandla, ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma, kunye nabasebenzi abakhethekileyo. Ixabiso lilonke lezixhobo zokugaya ii-galvaning ezincinci kunye nokusebenza kwazo kunokuba yimali ebalulekileyo ngokukhawuleza.

   Kutheni ukuThunyelwa kweMisebenzi ngaphandle kweyona nto ilungileyo kwiivenkile ezincinci

   Kwiivenkile ezininzi ezincinci, ukuqesha iinkonzo zokufaka i-galvanizing ngaphandle yeyona ndlela isebenzisekayo nengabizi kakhulu. Uyakuphepha ukubiza ixabiso eliphezulu lezixhobo ezincinci zokufaka i-galvanizing. Endaweni yoko, usebenzisana ne-galvanizer ekhethekileyo esele ineziseko zophuhliso kunye nobuchule.

    Inzuzo yoThutho lwangaphandleNgokusebenzisa iinkonzo zangaphandle, uguqula iindleko ezinkulu zemali zibe ziindleko zokusebenza ezinokuqikelelwa. Uhlawulela kuphela iinkonzo ozifunayo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukwenza uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali kwaye ikhulule imali kwezinye iindawo zeshishini lakho.

   Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba ufumane iipeyinti ezisemgangathweni ophezulu ngaphandle komthwalo wemali kunye nobunzima bokulawula bokuqhuba isityalo sakho. Ungagxila kwinto ephucukileyo eyenziwa lishishini lakho ngelixa ushiya i-galvanizing kwiingcali.

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   Ukhetho lwakho lokugqibela luxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi yakho. Kufuneka ulungelelanise indlela yokugquma kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso yakho kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali.

    Isikhokelo sokugqibela sesigqibo

   • Khetha i-Hot-Dip Galvanizingkwiindawo ezifuna ubomi obude kunye nokuqina kwangaphandle.
   • Khetha i-Electro-Galvanizingkwiindawo ezifuna ukugqitywa kobuhle kunye nobukhulu obuchanekileyo bokusetyenziswa ngaphakathi.